Assessment of secondary wastewater treatment technologies for agricultural reuse in Rafah, Gaza Strip: Application of evidential reasoning method

Water scarcity is a global issue confronting the present generation, particularly acute in arid regions such as Palestine. Treated wastewater reuse recognized strategic solution. The challenge obtaining effluent quality that meets requirements of area how to select best treatment technology. A multi-criteria decision-making method necessary for assessing sustainability different technologies. This study selected most sustainable secondary technology could produce agricultural at Rafah plant Gaza Strip. Evidential Reasoning was applied evaluate sand filters, constructed wetlands, activated sludge, and bio-tower evaluation based on four dimensions thirty-five indicators. indicators were obtained from review related literature validated by experts. Using questionnaire, judgment local experts (professionals working project, university professors, members NGOs) used qualitatively. Data analysis done using Intelligent Decision System Expert Choice software tools. utility interval-based evidential reasoning ranking technique rank options with without ignorance follows: wetlands > filters bio-towers sludge. Constructed ranked alternative, minimum 0.7345. environmental dimension, relative weighting 60.4%, dimension greatest influence alternatives.